The minimum efficiency report value of a filter, or MERV, is a rating system that measures the efficiency of a system in trapping harmful particles, dust, and debris that wander through the air. It is usually used to compare different filters. This system classifies filters in a rating of 2 to 20, with the MERV 8 being the standard. A higher MERV rating means a system is more efficient.
MERV 13 is recommended for many commercial and industrial buildings. At a minimum, a MERV 13 filter traps less than 75% of air particles ranging in size from 0.3 to 1.0 microns. Its efficiency is at least 90% when the particles increase from 3 to 10 microns in size. MERV 13 filters are suitable for homes in densely populated areas with high levels of air pollution, immunosuppressed people, and people with severe allergies and asthma. So what makes MERV 13 filters so special? What justifies their cost? An air filter is just an air filter, right? Wrong.
The particle size of the COVID-19 virus is 0.1 microns, which is too small for even a MERV 13 filter to catch. Although the nominal values are no higher than those of the MERV 16, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters trap the smallest particles at a faster rate than even the MERV 16 and are generally used in surgical operating rooms, clean rooms and other settings that require absolute cleaning. According to the EPA, MERV 13 filters have an efficiency of 90% in capturing particles between 3.0 and 10 microns, an efficiency of 85% in capturing particles between 1.0 and 3.0 microns and an efficiency of 50% in capturing particles between 0.3 and 1.0 microns. In addition to filtering out the usual dust, dust mites, lint, and pollen that trap other filters, MERV 13 filters can filter smoke, smog, microscopic allergens, viruses, bacteria, mold, exhaust fumes, and pet dander from several pets. Despite the many features of MERV 13 filters, high-efficiency filters are not needed in most homes.
MERV 13 filters are excellent for removing large particles, while HEPA filters trap small particles more efficiently. MERV 13 filters remove a wider range of particles, including large numbers of bacteria and even some viruses, and are ideal for people with respiratory problems. This short guide explains in detail what the MERV is and what the different MERV classifications really mean for you and your family.
